Regions with the highest concentrations of intensive pig and poultry farms in the UK are also hotspots for dangerous ammonia emissions, according to new research. A study by Compassion in World Farming (CiWF) and Sustain has mapped severe ammonia pollution clusters in Lincolnshire, Herefordshire, and Norfolk—areas known for their high density of factory farms.
Ammonia, a byproduct of animal waste and fertilizer use, contributes to air pollution and ecosystem damage. The UK government has previously flagged ammonia as a significant environmental threat, with emissions linked to respiratory illnesses and biodiversity loss. The new findings suggest that industrial livestock operations are a major driver of these emissions.
“The correlation between intensive farming and ammonia pollution is undeniable,” said an environmental analyst familiar with the research. “These emissions not only harm local communities but also exacerbate broader climate challenges.”
Officials from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) acknowledged the issue but emphasized ongoing efforts to reduce emissions through stricter regulations. “We are committed to tackling ammonia pollution through improved farming practices and technological innovations,” a spokesperson said.
The research could intensify debates over the sustainability of industrial agriculture. Environmental groups are calling for stricter controls on factory farms, while industry representatives argue that modern farming practices are already reducing emissions. The findings may also influence upcoming policy discussions on air quality and agricultural reforms.